AI Technology & Industry Review
In the new paper MinVIS: A Minimal Video Instance Segmentation Framework Without Video-based Training, an NVIDIA research team presents MinVIS, a minimal video instance segmentation framework that outperforms state-of-the-art VIS approaches without requiring video-based training.
In the new paper TextWorldExpress: Simulating Text Games at One Million Steps Per Second, a research team from the University of Arizona and Microsoft Research Montréal presents TextWorldExpress, a high-performance text-game simulator that boosts throughput by approximately three orders of magnitude, reaching one million steps per second.
In the new paper Efficient Training of Language Models to Fill in the Middle, an OpenAI research team shows that causal decoder-based autoregressive (AR) language models can learn to infill texts via a very simple and straightforward transformation to the training data and without any architectural modifications.
In the new paper Is Attention All NeRF Needs?, a research team from the Indian Institute of Technology Madras and the University of Texas at Austin proposes Generalizable NeRF Transformer (GNT), a pure and universal transformer-based architecture for efficient on-the-fly reconstruction of NeRFs. The work demonstrates that a pure attention mechanism suffices for learning a physically-grounded rendering process.
In the new paper Face Deblurring Using Dual Camera Fusion on Mobile Phones, a Google team proposes a novel dual camera fusion technique that achieves robust face deblurring in diverse motion and lighting conditions.
In the new paper Neural Generation Meets Real People: Building a Social, Informative Open-Domain Dialogue Agent, a Stanford NLP research team presents Chirpy Cardinal, an open-domain conversational social chatbot with emotional and social intelligence that enables authentic and engaging interactions with real people.
In the new paper Scaling Laws vs Model Architectures: How does Inductive Bias Influence Scaling?, a research team from Google and DeepMind posits that understanding the connections between neural network architectures and scaling laws is essential for designing and evaluating new models. The team pretrains and finetunes over 100 models to reveal useful insights on the scaling behaviours of ten diverse model architectures.
In the new paper Quantized Training of Gradient Boosting Decision Trees, a team from Microsoft Research, DP Technology and Tsinghua University proposes a method for the low-precision training of gradient boosting decision trees via gradient quantization.
DeepMind researchers present a precise and compact overview of transformer architectures and formal algorithms in the new paper Formal Algorithms for Transformers.
In the new paper Planning in Stochastic Environments with a Learned Model, a research team from DeepMind and University College London extends the deterministic MuZero model to Stochastic MuZero for stochastic model learning, achieving performance comparable or superior to state-of-the-art methods in complex single- and multi-agent environments.
A research team from Sun Yat-sen University and UBTECH proposes a unified approach for justifying, analyzing, and improving foundation models in the new paper Big Learning: A Universal Machine Learning Paradigm? The team’s big learning framework can model many-to-all joint/conditional/marginal data distributions and delivers extraordinary data and task flexibilities.
In the new paper Confident Adaptive Language Modeling, a research team from Google and MIT presents Confident Adaptive Language Modeling (CALM), a framework that dynamically allocates different amounts of compute to each input and generation timestep, achieving up to 3x speedups while maintaining high performance.
Amazon has introduced the latest version of their Sockeye toolkit for the efficient training of stronger and faster neural machine translation (NMT) models. Sockeye 3 achieves speeds up to 126 percent faster than other PyTorch implementations on GPUs and up to 292 percent faster on CPUs.
In the new paper TF-GNN: Graph Neural Networks in TensorFlow, a research team from Google Core ML, Google Research, and DeepMind open-sources the TensorFlow GNN (TF-GNN) scalable library, which leverages heterogeneous relational data to create graph neural network models.
HPC-AI Tech’s flagship open-source and large-scale AI system, Colossal-AI, now allows Hugging Face users to seamlessly develop their ML models in a distributed and easy manner.
In the new paper YOLOv7: Trainable Bag-Of-Freebies Sets New State-Of-The-Art for Real-Time Object Detectors, an Academia Sinica research team releases YOLOv7. This latest YOLO version introduces novel “extend” and “compound scaling” methods that effectively utilize parameters and computation; and surpasses all known real-time object detectors in speed and accuracy.
In the new paper Neural Networks and the Chomsky Hierarchy, DeepMind researchers examine generalization in neural network architectures and whether insights from the theory of computation and the Chomsky hierarchy can predict the practical limits of network generalization.
In the new paper CodeRL: Mastering Code Generation through Pretrained Models and Deep Reinforcement Learning, a Salesforce Research team presents CodeRL, a novel framework for program synthesis tasks that employs pretrained language models (LMs) and deep reinforcement learning (RL) and achieves state-of-the-art performance on the challenging APPS benchmark while also demonstrating impressive zero-shot transfer capabilities.
In the new paper Neural Collapse: A Review on Modelling Principles and Generalization, researchers from New York University analyze Neural Collapse (NC) and present a thought model to explain the effects of variance collapse, aiming at a better understanding of the generalization capabilities of neural networks.
In the new paper Forecasting Future World Events with Neural Networks, a research team from UC Berkeley, MIT, UIUC, and the University of Oxford presents Autocast, a dataset containing thousands of forecasting questions and an accompanying news corpus for measuring neural network models’ automatic forecasting capabilities.
In the new paper DayDreamer: World Models for Physical Robot Learning, researchers from the University of California, Berkeley leverage recent advances in the Dreamer world model to enable online reinforcement learning for robot training without simulators or demonstrations, establishing a strong baseline for efficient real-world robotic learning.
In the new paper p-Meta: Towards On-device Deep Model Adaptation, a research team from ETH Zurich, Singapore Management University and Beihang University proposes p-Meta, a novel meta-learning method for data- and memory-efficient on-device adaption of deep neural networks for IoT applications.
In the new paper Global Context Vision Transformers, an NVIDIA research team proposes the Global Context Vision Transformer, a novel yet simple hierarchical ViT architecture comprising global self-attention and token generation modules that enables the efficient modelling of both short- and long-range dependencies without costly compute operations while achieving SOTA results across various computer vision tasks.
In the new paper ReStructured Pre-training, a Carnegie Mellon University research team proposes “reStructured Pre-training” (RST), a novel NLP paradigm that pretrains models over valuable restructured data. The team’s resulting QIN system scores 40 points higher than the student average on the Gaokao-English Exam and 15 points higher than GPT-3 with 1/16 of the parameters.
In the new paper Lossy Compression with Gaussian Diffusion, a Google Research team presents DiffC, a novel and simple lossy compression method that relies only on an unconditionally trained diffusion generative model and achieves state-of-the-art image compression results despite lacking an encoder transform.
In the new paper Unified-IO: A Unified Model for Vision, Language, and Multi-Modal Tasks, a research team from the Allen Institute for AI and the University of Washington introduces UNIFIED-IO, a neural model that achieves strong performance across a wide variety of vision, language, and multi-modal tasks without task- or modality-specific branches or fine-tuning.
In the new paper Evolution Through Large Models, an OpenAI research team shows that large-scale language models (LLMs) trained to generate modern programming language can suggest intelligent mutations that can be leveraged to realize dramatically improved mutation operators for genetic programming.
In the new paper GoodBye WaveNet — A Language Model for Raw Audio with Context of 1/2 Million Samples, Stanford University researcher Prateek Verma presents a generative auto-regressive architecture that models audio waveforms over contexts greater than 500,000 samples and outperforms state-of-the-art WaveNet baselines.
In the new paper Large-Scale Retrieval for Reinforcement Learning, a DeepMind research team dramatically expands the information accessible to reinforcement learning (RL) agents, enabling them to attend to tens of millions of information pieces, incorporate new information without retraining, and learn decision making in an end-to-end manner.
In the new paper LegoNN: Building Modular Encoder-Decoder Models, Meta AI researchers propose LegoNN, a procedure for building encoder-decoder architectures with decoder modules that can be shared across different tasks without finetuning or significant performance reductions.
In the new paper VCT: A Video Compression Transformer, a Google Research team presents an elegantly simple but powerful video compression transformer (VCT) that does not require architectural biases and priors and learns totally from data without any hand-crafting. VCT is easy to implement and outperforms conventional video compression approaches.
In the new paper Toward a Realistic Model of Speech Processing in the Brain with Self-supervised Learning, researchers show that self-supervised architectures such as Wav2Vec 2.0 can learn brain-like representations from as little as 600 hours of unlabelled speech; and can also learn sound-generic and speech- and language-specific representations similar to those of the prefrontal and temporal cortices.
In the new paper An Improved One millisecond Mobile Backbone, an Apple research team presents MobileOne, a novel mobile backbone that cuts inference time to under one millisecond on an iPhone12 and reaches 75.9 percent top-1 accuracy on ImageNet.
In the new paper Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and Extrapolating the Capabilities of Language Models, 444 authors from 132 institutions introduce Beyond the Imitation Game (BIG-bench), a large-scale, extremely difficult and diverse benchmark that includes 204 tasks for predicting the potentially transformative effects of large language models.
In the new paper Neural Diffusion Processes, a research team from the University of Cambridge, Secondmind, and Google Research presents Neural Diffusion Processes (NDPs), a novel framework that learns to sample from rich distributions over functions at a lower computational cost than the true Bayesian posterior of a conventional Gaussian process.
In the new paper Is a Modular Architecture Enough?, a research team from Mila and the Université de Montréal conducts a rigorous and thorough quantitative assessment of common modular architectures that reveals the benefits of modularity and sparsity for deep neural networks and the sub-optimality of existing end-to-end learned modular systems.
In the new paper Extreme Compression for Pre-trained Transformers Made Simple and Efficient, a Microsoft research team introduces XTC, a simple yet effective extreme compression pipeline for pretrained transformers that can achieve state-of-the-art results while reducing model size by 50x.
In the new paper Rare Gems: Finding Lottery Tickets at Initialization, a research team from Carnegie Mellon University, MBZUAI, Petuum, Inc and the University of Wisconsin-Madison proposes GEM-MINER, an algorithm that finds sparse subnetworks at initialization trainable to accuracy that is comparable or better than iterative magnitude pruning (IMP) with warm-up.
The BAAI Conference 2022 kicked off on May 31 in Beijing and ran through June 2. AI experts, industry leaders, young talents and international delegates joined the virtual gathering and live stream for three busy days of high-level keynotes, tech talks, parallel forums and networking.
In the new paper EfficientFormer: Vision Transformers at MobileNet, a research team from Snap Inc. and Northeastern University proposes EfficientFormer, a vision transformer that runs as fast as MobileNet while maintaining high performance.